Holy Week is an annual commemoration of the Passion of Christ: the entry into Jerusalem, the Last Supper, the Stations of the Cross, and the death and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. It is celebrated between the second half of March and the first week of April. It is a variable date because the Catholic Church has chosen to celebrate Holy Week on the first Sunday of the full moon after the spring equinox in the northern hemisphere and autumn in the southern hemisphere.
This holiday occurs during Lent, a 40-day period of preparation for Easter during which parishioners focus on prayer, fasting, and reflection.
Each year, the processions, steeped in history and tradition, are followed with profound devotion by believers and visitors alike. For the faithful, these days offer a precious opportunity for spiritual growth and profound contemplation. Simultaneously, delving into Peruvian culture, identity, and folklore is a captivating time.
Uncover the captivating traditions of Cusco during Holy Week! In this blog, we delve into the rich history, deeply rooted customs, and mouthwatering gastronomy that make this week unique.
How is it celebrated in Cusco?
Holy Week in the Imperial City is a religious commemoration highlighting the Andean Catholic syncretism. It begins with Palm Sunday, where mass is held and olive palms are blessed. Holy Monday is the central day when the Sworn Patron Saint of Cusco, the Lord of Tremors, goes out in procession. We continue with Holy Thursday; apart from the masses during the day, it is customary to visit seven churches. Then, on Good Friday, a procession deals with the meeting of Christ and the Sorrowful Virgin, a celebration in which about 80 thousand faithful people congregate.
This day is highlighted by the Way of the Cross to the Cross of the Pope in Saqsaywaman, while in the Plaza San Francisco takes place the Hampi Rantikuy, a fair of medicinal plants where crosses of thorns are acquired to protect the Cusquenian homes. This vibrant celebration, broadcast by various local media, reflects the deep devotion of the people of Cusco and their deep-rooted religious tradition.
Next, we are going to know in depth what each of these days is like and what characterizes them the most, detailing what you will find in the city day by day:
Palm Sunday
Palm Sunday marks the end of Lent and the beginning of Holy Week, a significant moment for the faithful. Starting in the morning, they attend church to participate in mass and listen to the liturgical psalm.
In Cusco, this festivity is marked by the blessing of olive palms and woven crosses. Once blessed, these symbols are hung behind the doors of homes, serving as a powerful reminder of divine protection. The Cathedral of Cusco, the city’s most important religious center, becomes a beacon of faith, offering masses in Quechua from five in the morning. The reading of the gospel of St. Matthew further enriches this day of religious fervor.
Holy Monday
Monday, the second day of Holy Week, is a pinnacle of unity and community for the people of Cusco. Thousands of faithful gather in the Plaza de Armas to demonstrate their impressive faith. The Archbishop of Cusco leads the Communion Mass in the majestic Cathedral, strengthening the sense of togetherness.
Yet, the true highlight of this day is the procession of the Señor de los Temblores, revered as the city’s Patron Saint. This is not just a procession but a profound display of devotion and a testament to a deeply rooted tradition that has stood the test of time. The sight of this procession, broadcast by all local media, is a truly awe-inspiring experience.
Holy Thursday
On this day, in Cusco, a significant aspect of the Holy Thursday tradition is the active participation of local authorities, including the mayor and the prefect, who lead the procession of the Holy Sacrament. This collective involvement underscores the community’s deep-rooted connection to the religious event. Furthermore, all the churches in the city hold masses, further uniting the community in their shared faith.
One of the most enduring traditions on this date is the foot-washing ceremony, performed initially on twelve beggars by the bishop of Cusco. Over time, this ceremony has evolved, and today, it is carried out with twelve elders. This adaptation of the tradition reflects the changing dynamics of the community. Additionally, it is customary to visit seven churches during the night of Holy Thursday as part of the religious practices of Holy Week.
Good Friday
One of Cusco’s most intriguing and deeply respected traditions is the twelve plates, each symbolizing one of Christ’s twelve disciples. This tradition, observed on Good Friday, is a profound act of respect and recollection on this sacred day as the community comes together to honor the disciples.
Good Friday in Cusco is a feast for the senses, with various dishes prepared and consumed, each symbolizing one of Christ’s twelve disciples. The sweet options are a delight, from apple, pear, and peach casseroles to unique square Easter empanadas, suspiros, cookies, and mazamorras. The savory dishes, featuring typical ingredients such as potatoes, corn, ollucos, and wheat, are a testament to the region’s rich culinary heritage, leaving you curious for more.
At every turn, you’ll discover myriad dishes that showcase the unique flavors of Andean ingredients. From the tantalizing trout sudado to the flavorful saltado de bacalao, these dishes delight locals and visitors, especially during this time of the year.
In places like the district of Sayllapata, in the province of Paucartambo, soups are prepared with Andean ingredients, such as kirk, made with two, cheese, milk, and eggs, or whole chicken egg soup. These dishes nourish the body and feed the soul, keeping alive a special tradition during Holy Week, a testament to the rich cultural heritage of Peru.
Easter Sunday
Also known as Easter, this day commences with the solemn arrival of the faithful, gathering from 7 a.m. for the first mass of the day. The homily dedicated to this day, so profoundly significant for Christians, marks the celebration of the resurrection of Jesus, a moment of deep reverence and reflection.
In Cusco, Easter Sunday is a time of vibrant community spirit, where religious and cultural activities unite the locals and visitors alike. Alongside the masses celebrated in all the churches, the procession with the image of the resurrected Christ, which winds through the streets as the faithful express their devotion and joy, is a highlight. The plazas buzz with activity, offering a chance for visitors to partake in the typical food prepared throughout the day, a delicious part of the region’s deep-rooted traditions of Holy Week.
History of the “Señor de los Temblores”.
The figure of the “Señor de los Temblores,” also known as the Sworn Patron Saint of Cusco, is a testament to the deep-rooted reverence and faith of the people of Cusco. Its presence transcends time and cultures, symbolizing the intersection between the divine and the human in the history of Cusco. Since it arrived in the city, this sacred image has been the epicenter of traditions that uniquely blend European and Andean influences, creating a cultural tapestry that is as diverse as it is beautiful. Its enduring presence, marked by the devotion and fervor of generations, is a tangible reminder of the resilience and spirituality that define the people of Cusco, particularly during the celebration of Holy Week.
History
The “Señor de los Temblores,” known for its stark features and overwhelming appearance, holds a significant place in Cusco’s history. Its origins can be traced back to profound cultural and religious changes, such as when Emperor Charles V sent the image to Cusco. This act, a reflection of the indigenous people’s abrupt facial features, was a strategic move by the Spaniards to consolidate their conquest and impose their religious faith over the pre-existing indigenous beliefs.
Cusco, the Archaeological Capital of America and ancient seat of the powerful Tahuantinsuyo Empire pays homage to Holy Week with unwavering devotion to the image of the “Señor de los Temblores”, also known as Taytacha de los Temblores in Quechua. This celebration symbolizes the fusion of indigenous and Spanish traditions and underscores the profound reverence for this religious figure that has persisted over the centuries. The devotion to the “Señor de los Temblores” has evolved into a powerful symbol of cultural and spiritual identity for the inhabitants of Cusco and all those who partake in this unique festivity.
Devotion
According to ancient chronicles, the Lord of the Tremors earned its name after a devastating earthquake struck on March 31, 1650. This catastrophic event led to the religious figure being designated as the “Señor de los Temblores,” a title that has since become deeply ingrained in the religious traditions of Cusco.
It is a significant part of the narrative that the sacred image was carried in procession in 1720, a time when an epidemic had ravaged the population. Miraculously, the epidemic ceased after the appearance of Christ. This event, known as the Miracle of the Señor de los Temblores, led the population to recognize him as the Sworn Patron Saint of Cusco.
Today, the “Señor de los Temblores” representation is housed in the Cathedral Basilica of Cusco. Though less delicate and more rustic than in the past, the image’s features continue to captivate devotees with their striking anatomy. Interestingly, the carving was sculpted in secret, a testament to the devotion and ingenuity of the people to comply with the king’s order, as the original was left in distant lands.
It is said that the change in the color of the “Señor de los Temblores” skin is due to the smoke and the contact with the resin of the Ñuqch’u, a sacred flower in the Andean religious cosmovision. The Ñuqch’u represents the blood of the ‘Pachamama,’ the Earth Mother, and symbolizes life and fertility. Since 1741, the image has gone out in procession every Easter Monday to bless its people.
Procession
One of the most outstanding celebrations of the city of Cusco is that of the Patron Saint of the city, the Señor de los Temblores, an image of the brown Christ that every year goes out in procession through the main streets, blessing the faithful and devotees.
During the procession of the Señor de los Temblores, several unique traditional activities take place. First, the ñupchu, a flower that grows exclusively in the Andes and blooms only on this festive date, is collected. These flowers, symbolizing purity and devotion, are carried in baskets and thrown to the Lord during the tour. In addition, a group of women known as the cantoras or Ch’ayñas sing songs in Quechua, which has been considered a Cultural Heritage of the Nation since 2014.
The procession, a testament to the deep-rooted faith of the people, goes through the city’s main streets. The Lord of the Tremors performs two blessings at different points. The first one takes place in San Francisco Square and then goes to the church of La Merced to rest. Finally, he moves to the Plaza de Armas, where he blesses a large crowd of people who have been waiting for him with unwavering devotion since early morning. During the blessing, the faithful ask, thank, and shed tears while throwing petals of ñupchu to the Patron Jurado of Cusco.
Things to do during Holy Week in Cusco
Visit the seven churches on Holy Thursday
Visiting the seven churches during Holy Week has a deep religious and cultural significance. Each of these churches represents a stage of the Way of the Cross, the road Jesus traveled from his trial to his crucifixion. This act symbolizes the accompaniment of Jesus on his painful journey to the cross, allowing the faithful to meditate on his sacrifice. In addition, the seven churches offer a sacred space for prayer, reflection, and repentance, inviting believers to immerse themselves in the spirituality of Holy Week.
Here is a list of churches you can visit on Holy Thursday:
Cusco Cathedral
- Location: Main Square
- Visiting hours: Holy Thursday from 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m.
- Description: The Cathedral of Cusco is the most important church in the city. It houses the image of the Señor de los Temblores, one of the most revered in Cusco.
San Francisco Church
- Location: San Francisco Square
- Visiting hours: Holy Thursday from 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m.
- Description: The San Francisco Church is one of the oldest churches in Cusco. It houses the Museum of Pre-Columbian Art, a collection of pre-Columbian art pieces.
La Merced Church
- Location: La Merced Street
- Visiting hours: Holy Thursday from 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m.
- Description: La Merced Church is a colonial church that stands out for its baroque architecture. It houses the image of the Virgin of La Merced, patron saint of Cusco.
Santo Domingo Church
- Location: Santo Domingo Square
- Visiting hours: Holy Thursday from 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m.
- Description: Santo Domingo Church is a colonial church that houses the Convent of Santo Domingo, one of the most essential convents in Cusco.
San Blas Church
- Location: San Blas neighborhood
- Visiting hours: Holy Thursday from 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m.
- Description: The San Blas Church is a colonial church that stands out for its Mudejar style. It houses the image of the Lord of Agony.
Santa Ana Church
- Location: Santa Ana Street
- Visiting hours: Holy Thursday from 8:00 am to 12:00 pm and 3:00 pm to 9:00 pm.
- Description: Santa Ana Church is a colonial church that houses the Museum of Popular Art, which exhibits a collection of Peruvian popular art.
Triunfo Church
- Location: Triunfo Square
- Visiting hours: Holy Thursday from 8:00 am to 12:00 pm and 3:00 pm to 9:00 pm.
- Description: the Iglesia del Triunfo is a colonial church in the Plaza del Triunfo, where the Arco del Triunfo (Triumphal Arch) is located.
Santa Clara Church
- Location: it is located on Santa Clara Street, 500 meters southwest of the Main Square.
- Visiting hours: Holy Thursday from 8:00 am to 12:00 pm and 3:00 pm to 9:00 pm.
- Description: It is a colonial church founded in 1560 by the Poor Clare nuns. It stands out for its Andean baroque style. The choir is composed of the nuns of the convent of Santa Clara, which is located next to the church and is one of Cusco’s most important cloistered monasteries.
San Pedro Church
- Location: located on the corner of Cascaparo Street and Santa Clara Street, in front of San Pedro Square.
- Visiting hours: Holy Thursday from 8:00 am to 12:00 pm and 3:00 pm to 9:00 pm.
- Description: The Church of San Pedro is a colonial church built in 1688 over the old Hospital de Naturales del Cusco. It stands out for its Andean baroque style. Inside the church, there is a baroque altarpiece from the seventeenth century. The church also houses a series of paintings and sculptures by Cusco artists.
Church of the Compañia de Jesus
- Location: it is in the Main Square of Cusco, in the city’s historical center.
- Visiting hours: Holy Thursday from 8:00 am to 12:00 pm and 3:00 pm to 9:00 pm.
- Description: The Church of the Society of Jesus is a colonial church built by the Jesuit order between 1571 and 1593. Along with the Cathedral, it is one of the most important churches in Cusco. The church stands out for its Andean baroque style.
Cusco Gastronomy in the Holy Week
In Cusco, the tradition of consuming the twelve dishes on Good Friday commemorating Jesus’ last supper with his disciples is deeply rooted. However, some families choose to prepare them on Holy Thursday. According to the stories of the Cusquenian matrons, these dishes are divided into six categories: savory and sweet. Some examples include the ‘qolla lawa’, a green corn (choclo) cream, and the Friday chupe with rice, machas, choros, huevera, milk, beans and cheese.
In some homes, housewives prefer to prepare chupe de lizas or sopa de calabaza. However, it is common to prepare three different types of soups. For the main courses, a fish-based dish is usually prepared, such as saltadito de bacalao, tuna, or fried fish; kapchi de habas con zeta; and a pumpkin stew with tarwi, llullucha, and rice.
Then, various desserts are served, such as stew with peaches and apples, rice pudding and chancaca mazamorra, made with flour, milk, and chancaca. Finally, the list is completed with pastries such as empanadas, condesas, suspiros, bizcochuelos, pan jurka or pan torta, and pan costra. This variety of dishes and desserts is an integral part of the Holy Week celebrations in Cusco, transmitting not only the religious meaning but also the cultural and gastronomic richness of the region.
Explore new paths in Cusco
Getting to know the majestic landscapes of Cusco through trekking during Holy Week is an experience that combines adventure, spirituality, and connection with nature. This region, rich in history and traditions, offers various routes and trails that allow visitors to immerse themselves in its breathtaking natural beauty while reflecting on the meaning of Holy Week. From ancient Inca trails to breathtaking mountain scenery, each step reveals panoramic views and the opportunity to experience the serenity and solemnity of this sacred time in a unique setting.
Full day Tours in Cusco
Discover Cusco’s diversity and cultural richness on our exciting full-day tours. Immerse yourself in the history and beauty of the city with a captivating half-day city tour, exploring its charming cobblestone streets, historic squares, and iconic monuments that tell centuries of history. For an even more enriching experience, venture into the mystical Sacred Valley in a single day. Explore the ancient and fascinating Inca constructions of Maras, Moray, and Salineras, where you can marvel at the engineering and ingenuity of this millenary civilization. Also, take advantage of the unique opportunity to visit the last Inca bridge still standing, Qeswachaka, on an exciting expedition that will take you through breathtaking landscapes and connect you with the authenticity of the Inca culture.
Full day Hikes in Cusco
Venture into the natural beauty and spirituality of the Andes with our incredible full-day hikes. Explore the magical Humantay Lagoon, where the turquoise waters merge with the snow-capped mountain peaks, creating a breathtaking scene of serene majesty. Discover the varied tones and surreal landscapes of the Montaña de Colores, a natural wonder that will transport you to a world of fantasy and wonder. Immerse yourself in the peace and tranquility of the 7 lagoons of Ausangate, where the pristine landscape and the stillness of the surroundings will invite you to reflection and contemplation. In addition, explore Huchuy Qosqo, Pallay Punchu and Waqrapukara. In these ancestral places, the connection with nature and yourself merge in a spiritual and enriching experience that will remain in your memory forever.
Machu Picchu
Discovering the enigmas and grandeur of Machu Picchu is an incredible adventure not to be missed. Although the train is a popular and convenient option, there are exciting alternatives for those who wish to further immerse themselves in the natural and cultural richness of the Peruvian Andes. From challenging trekking routes to ground and air transportation options, exploring how to get to Machu Picchu without a train provides a unique and rewarding perspective of this archaeological wonder. You have different options to get to this magical place; remember that you can count on us to venture into this unique journey; learn more on our website: Machu Picchu Tours.
Inca Trail
You can explore the wonder of the world-renowned Inca Trail to Machu Picchu, listed as one of the top trekking routes in South America. Follow in the footsteps of our Inca noble ancestors to the fantastic fortress of Machu Picchu and venture to unravel its mysteries. This historic route is the most daring route to Machu Picchu, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Explore exclusive archaeological sites that can only be visited along this trail and immerse yourself in the breathtaking mountain scenery and lush vegetation. Despite the challenges you may encounter along the way, the most incredible reward awaits you as you pass through the Sun Gate and behold the majesty of the mystical Machu Picchu for the first time. Learn about all your options with us on our website to explore this wonderful place: Inca Trail.
Salkantay Trek
Join us on the exciting Salkantay trek to the Wonder of the World, Machu Picchu. This alternative route, considered the best, will take you to explore breathtaking landscapes, from the majestic Humantay Lagoon to the imposing Salkantay Mountain, through a fascinating cloud forest to the edge of the Peruvian jungle. Each night, you will stay in comfortable accommodations and enjoy delicious local meals surrounded by mountains. Our experienced guides will always be with you, sharing knowledge about the history and nature of the region. Get ready to have an unforgettable experience surrounded by comfort and the best company; know all the details of our packages at the following link on our website: Salkantay Trek.
Tips for traveling to Cusco during Easter Week
Traveling to Cusco during Holy Week is a fascinating experience due to the religious and cultural celebrations during this time of the year. Here are some valuable tips for your trip:
Accommodation
- It is advisable to book your accommodation in advance since Cusco receives many tourists during Easter Week. Learn about the best lodging options in our blog, 13 Best Hotels in Cusco, Peru.
- Explore your accommodation options in Cusco, from budget hostels to luxury hotels. It is essential to choose one that fits your budget and preferences.
Transportation
- Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport is the main gateway to Cusco. You can arrive by plane from Lima or other major cities such as Colombia, Chile, and Bolivia.
- Once in Cusco, you can quickly get around on foot in the historic center, where most sights are located. For longer distances, you can use cabs or shuttle buses to both the terminal and the airport, and a blue combi called “Correcaminos” (Roadrunner) will take you to the city center.
- If you plan to visit archaeological sites outside the city, such as Machu Picchu, consider booking your transportation tickets in advance, as demand can be high during Holy Week.
Climate
- Cusco has a temperate climate all year round, but temperatures can be cool during Easter Week, especially at night. It is advisable to bring warm clothing and extra layers.
- Although Easter Week coincides with the end of the rainy season in Cusco, rainfall is usually light and sporadic. However, it is advisable to carry an umbrella or raincoat in case of rain.
Safety
- Cusco is generally a safe city, but as in any tourist destination, it is vital to take basic precautions to protect your belongings and personal safety.
- Avoid displaying valuables publicly and keep your belongings safe, especially in crowded markets and public transportation.
- If you plan to go on excursions outside the city, be sure to hire authorized tour guides and follow the safety recommendations of local authorities.
By following these tips, you can enjoy your trip to Cusco during Holy Week, immersing yourself in this fascinating Peruvian city’s rich culture and history.
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