{"id":1017,"date":"2019-04-26T22:35:01","date_gmt":"2019-04-26T22:35:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/?p=1017"},"modified":"2024-07-09T16:19:37","modified_gmt":"2024-07-09T21:19:37","slug":"inca-astronomy-dark-constellations-sky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/inca-astronomy-dark-constellations-sky\/","title":{"rendered":"Inca Astronomy: Dark constellations in the sky"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>After having seen so much of the city of <strong>Cusco<\/strong>, I feel certain that its biggest treasure is the timeless knowledge inherited by its inhabitants that never ceases to surprise me. One night, I met a man in the streets of the<strong> Historical Center<\/strong> of<strong> <\/strong>Cusco who sold traditional textiles in the middle of the public walkway, and he told me about the <strong>Inca Astronomy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents anchor-links\"><ul><li><a href=\"#h-1-lluthu-partridge\" data-level=\"2\">1. Lluthu (Partridge):<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-hamp-atu-toad\" data-level=\"2\">2. Hamp\u2019atu (Toad):<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-mach-aqway-serpent\" data-level=\"2\">3. Mach\u2019aqway (Serpent):<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-yana-llama-black-llama\" data-level=\"2\">4. Yana llama (Black Llama):<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-atoq-fox\" data-level=\"2\">5. Atoq (Fox):<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-6-michiq-shepherd\" data-level=\"2\">6. Michiq (Shepherd):<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-inca-astronomy-in-cusco\" data-level=\"2\">Inca Astronomy in Cusco<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image fancy-gallery\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a class=\"fancy-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sky-camp-salkantay-milky-way-trekking.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/sky-camp-salkantay-milky-way-trekking-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Milky way and sky camp. Inca astronomy\" class=\"wp-image-1023\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Salkantay Trekking&#8217;s exclusive Sky Camp in Soraypampa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>In <strong>South America<\/strong>, the<strong> Incas<\/strong> developed advanced and important astronomical thoughts. Due to their connection to nature, they perfectly understood the sky in order to perfectly understand agricultural cycles. Let\u2019s not forget that agriculture has been the main axis of the <strong>Andean culture<\/strong> since their origin until today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Incas<\/strong> recognized at the sky several animals who walked over the <em>Willka mayu <\/em>(the name by which they knew the Milky Way in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/phrases-quechua-ancient-language-incas\/\">Quechua<\/a><\/strong> and whose literal translation is the <strong>Sacred River<\/strong>) and whose main function was to signal different stages in the agricultural cycle. These animals were found exactly in those dark spaces of the Milky Way. In this blog, we\u2019ll learn a bit more about their locations and meanings of Inca Astronomy.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image fancy-gallery\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a class=\"fancy-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/@andean-constellation-Miguel-Araoz-Cartagena-via-lactea-milky-way-qorikancha.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"530\" src=\"\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/@andean-constellation-Miguel-Araoz-Cartagena-via-lactea-milky-way-qorikancha-1024x530.jpg\" alt=\"Painting of the milky way\" class=\"wp-image-1024\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Famous painting that shows the dark constellations of the Incas. Artist: Miguel Ar\u00e1oz Cartagena<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-lluthu-partridge\">1. Lluthu (Partridge):<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The partridge is a small bird that looks a bit like a chicken but with brown and gray plumage. This dark constellation (which in western inca astronomy is known as <strong>Bag of Carbon<\/strong> for its profound darkness) appears in the early morning sky in the month of October and stays until July, the time when the harvesting of different root vegetables ends in the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/the-11-best-day-trips-from-cusco-peru\/\">Cusco<\/a><\/strong> region. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s also <strong>related to the end of the dry season<\/strong> and the arrival of the first rains in the agricultural cycle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a class=\"fancy-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/andean-constellation-perdiz-lluthu-partridge.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/andean-constellation-perdiz-lluthu-partridge.jpg\" alt=\"Inca astronomy perdiz lluthu partridge\" class=\"wp-image-2289\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Andean constellation: Partridge<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-hamp-atu-toad\">2. Hamp\u2019atu (Toad):<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In <strong>Andean<\/strong> culture, the toad symbolizes water and natural springs. They say it\u2019s an animal greatly loved by Mother Earth (Madre Tierra) because she holds it inside of her while the toad hibernates and, besides that, this animal cooperates with field workers when plants first begin to sprout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This dark constellation of the toad appears in the early morning sky toward the end of <strong>October<\/strong> when the croaking of the toads announces the first rains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a class=\"fancy-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/andean-constellation-toad-sapo-hampatu.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/andean-constellation-toad-sapo-hampatu.jpg\" alt=\"Hamp\u2019atu (Toad)\" class=\"wp-image-2290\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Hamp\u00b4atu (toad)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-mach-aqway-serpent\">3. Mach\u2019aqway (Serpent):<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Serpents are very important animals in the Inca Astronomy. They say that they represent the <em>ukhu pacha <\/em>or the <strong>underworld<\/strong>. Besides that, they have an important relationship with water and the agricultural cycle. Just like with the toad, in spite of having a positive connotation in <strong>Andean culture<\/strong>, the serpent has adopted negative concepts with the arrival of western culture. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The head of the serpent constellation comes out in August and is hidden away again in February. Coincidentally, this in the&nbsp; time of year when serpents are most active in the Andean region. Another coincidence that happens in the sky and in agriculture on the earth is that the toad, partridge and snake are animals that assist in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/conserving-inca-food-agriculture-cusco-peru\/\">Andean agriculture<\/a><\/strong> to control diverse plagues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a class=\"fancy-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/andean-constellation-machaqway-serpent-serpiente.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/andean-constellation-machaqway-serpent-serpiente.jpg\" alt=\"Mach\u2019aqway (Serpent)\" class=\"wp-image-2291\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">mach\u00b4aqway (serpent)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-yana-llama-black-llama\">4. Yana llama (Black Llama):<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The great <strong>black llama<\/strong> is the biggest dark constellation that exists and maybe the most important. It can be recognized easily in the sky because its eyes are two very bright stars, known as Alpha and Beta Centauri, that can be found close to the Southern Cross. This dark constellation is made up of the bodies of two llamas: a mother and her cria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>llama<\/strong> comes out in the sky in the month of November. There\u2019s a myth that tells of a great black llama who came down to the earth to drink from all of the natural springs and rivers of the world and who also had to drink from the ocean because, otherwise, the world could flood. They also tell that the people on top of which the llama descended to earth were repaid with beautiful wool and great fortune and that this constellation cares for all other llamas on the earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a class=\"fancy-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/andean-constellation-yana-llama-yakana-negra.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/andean-constellation-yana-llama-yakana-negra.jpg\" alt=\"Yana llama (Black Llama)\" class=\"wp-image-2292\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Yana llama<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-atoq-fox\">5. Atoq (Fox):<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The fox is one of the most striking and peculiar constellations in the <strong>Andean sky<\/strong> (Inca Astronomy), due to its two deep, red eyes. Some mention that the fox is found close to the cria of the great llama because he intends to eat it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Others say he\u2019s escaping from the constellation of the Shepherd who\u2019s responsible for caring for the llamas of the sky. The fox is found close to the stars that form the tail of the western constellation Scorpio. The fox is an ambivalent character in traditional Andean stories and is also recognized for its relation with the crops.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a class=\"fancy-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/andean-constellation-atoq-fox.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/andean-constellation-atoq-fox.jpg\" alt=\"Atoq (Fox) Inca Astronomy\" class=\"wp-image-2294\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Atoq<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-michiq-shepherd\">6. Michiq (Shepherd):<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s said that the shepherd takes care of the cosmic llamas to protect them from any threat. Because of this, he appears with open arms, as if he\u2019s trying to scare the fox away.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a class=\"fancy-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/andean-constellation-michiq-shepherd.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/andean-constellation-michiq-shepherd.jpg\" alt=\"Michiq (Shepherd)\" class=\"wp-image-2295\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-inca-astronomy-in-cusco\">Inca Astronomy in Cusco<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Inca astronomy<\/strong> is truly complex and surprising. I later found out that besides the dark constellations, the <strong>Incas<\/strong> also found meaning in the stars; they also had their own starry constellations. Another incredible piece of data is that the <strong>Incas<\/strong> considered the river <strong>Vilcanota<\/strong>, which crosses through the<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/10-best-things-to-do-and-see-in-the-sacred-valley\/\">Sacred Valley<\/a><\/strong>, to be a reflection of the Milky Way. Come to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salkantaytrekking.com\/blog\/what-to-do-in-cusco-without-a-guide\/\">Cusco<\/a><\/strong>, and discover a different way of seeing the sky to understand reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For further information, we recommend to consult <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/qoyllur.blogspot.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Erwin Salazar Garc\u00e9s&#8217;s<\/a><\/strong> website. He is an important investigator of <strong>Andean ethnoastronomy<\/strong> and <strong>archaeoastronomy<\/strong>. Also we want to thank<strong> Jose Valencia Garc\u00eda<\/strong>, a guide at the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.planetariumcusco.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cusco Planetarium<\/a><\/strong>, who shared with us his love for the stars and to @ccseyes for the main photo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>After having seen so much of the city of Cusco, I feel certain that its biggest treasure is the timeless knowledge inherited by its inhabitants that never ceases to surprise me. One night, I met a man in the streets [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1032,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[233,75],"tags":[694,238],"class_list":["post-1017","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astronomy","category-cusco","tag-andean-astronomy","tag-black-llama"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Inca Astronomy: Dark constellations in the sky<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this blog, we will learn a little more about their locations, importance and meanings of Inca Astronomy.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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